What is Non-Verbal Reasoning?
Non-Verbal Reasoning (NVR) is a critical component of 11+ grammar school entrance exams, testing a child's ability to solve problems using visual information rather than words or numbers. Also known as spatial reasoning, it assesses pattern recognition, logical thinking, and the ability to identify relationships between shapes, figures, and diagrams.
Unlike verbal reasoning which relies on vocabulary and language skills, non-verbal reasoning tests your child's ability to think abstractly and solve visual puzzles. It's particularly important because it assesses raw problem-solving ability independent of language background.
Both CEM and GL Assessment include non-verbal reasoning in their 11+ exams, though the question styles and formats may vary between exam boards.
Why Non-Verbal Reasoning Matters
Measures Raw Intelligence
NVR tests cognitive ability and problem-solving skills that are less dependent on prior knowledge or educational background.
Essential for Grammar School Selection
Most grammar schools use NVR as a key differentiator in their selection process alongside verbal reasoning and English.
Skills Transfer to Other Subjects
Spatial reasoning and pattern recognition skills benefit mathematics, science, and design subjects.
Can Be Improved with Practice
While NVR tests innate ability, consistent practice significantly improves speed, accuracy, and pattern recognition.
Common Non-Verbal Reasoning Question Types
🔢 Series & Sequences
What it tests: Identifying patterns in a sequence of shapes and determining what comes next.
Example: Five shapes are shown in order. You must identify which shape should come sixth.
What to look for:
- Rotation patterns (clockwise/counterclockwise)
- Changes in shading or color
- Number of elements increasing/decreasing
- Shapes moving position
- Alternating patterns
↔️ Analogies
What it tests: Understanding the relationship between one pair of shapes and applying it to another pair.
Format: "Shape A is to Shape B as Shape C is to ___?"
Common relationships:
- Rotation (90°, 180°, 270°)
- Reflection (horizontal/vertical)
- Size changes (enlargement/reduction)
- Shading inversion
- Shape transformation
🎯 Odd One Out
What it tests: Identifying which shape doesn't follow the same rule as the others.
Strategy: Look for what's common among 4-5 shapes, then identify which one breaks the pattern.
What to check:
- Number of sides or angles
- Symmetry properties
- Right angles vs curved lines
- Number of shaded areas
- Orientation or position
📊 Matrices (Grids)
What it tests: Completing a 2x2 or 3x3 grid by identifying patterns across rows and columns.
Approach: Analyze patterns horizontally (across rows) AND vertically (down columns) to find the missing piece.
Pattern types:
- Progressive rotation across rows/columns
- Shapes combining or overlapping
- Elements appearing/disappearing
- Shading patterns
- Multiple simultaneous patterns
🧩 Complete the Figure
What it tests: Identifying which piece completes a partially shown shape or pattern.
Key skill: Visualizing how pieces fit together spatially.
Common formats:
- Missing corner piece
- Completing symmetrical patterns
- Finding the mirror image
- 3D shape assembly (nets and solids)
🔐 Codes
What it tests: Using a code key to encode or decode shapes based on their attributes.
Method: Letters/numbers represent specific shape properties (size, shading, orientation, etc.)
Typical attributes coded:
- Shape type (circle, square, triangle)
- Size (large, medium, small)
- Shading (solid, striped, empty)
- Position (top, middle, bottom)
- Number of elements
CEM vs GL Assessment: NVR Differences
CEM Non-Verbal
- ✓ Format: Mix of multiple-choice and answer box questions
- ✓ Time pressure: Fast-paced with less time per question
- ✓ Question style: Often more abstract and less predictable
- ✓ Difficulty: Can include very challenging questions
- ✓ 3D shapes: Frequent use of nets, rotations, and 3D visualization
GL Non-Verbal
- ✓ Format: Predominantly multiple-choice questions
- ✓ Timing: Generally 50 minutes per paper with standard pacing
- ✓ Question style: More standardized question types
- ✓ Difficulty: Progressive difficulty throughout paper
- ✓ 2D focus: More emphasis on 2D patterns and transformations
How to Prepare for Non-Verbal Reasoning
Systematic Pattern Recognition Training
Develop a methodical approach to analyzing shapes:
- Always check rotation first (most common pattern)
- Look for changes in shading/color
- Count elements (lines, shapes, intersections)
- Check for reflection/symmetry
- Identify size changes
- Look for multiple simultaneous patterns
Regular Practice with Timed Questions
Consistent practice is essential for NVR success:
- Practice 10-15 minutes daily rather than long sessions
- Start with easier questions to build confidence
- Gradually increase difficulty and time pressure
- Use official CEM and GL practice papers
- Review mistakes carefully to understand patterns
Develop Spatial Awareness Skills
Build visual-spatial skills through everyday activities:
- Jigsaw puzzles and tangrams
- Pattern-based games (Tetris, Rubik's cube)
- Drawing and geometry exercises
- Building with LEGO or construction toys
- Chess and strategy board games
Time Management Techniques
Learn to work efficiently under time pressure:
- Don't spend more than 30-45 seconds per question
- If stuck, mark and move on (return later if time permits)
- Eliminate obviously wrong answers first
- Trust your first instinct when unsure
- Leave 2-3 minutes to check answers
Top Tips for NVR Success
📏 Use a Systematic Approach
Check each shape feature methodically: rotation, reflection, shading, size, position, and number of elements.
✏️ Annotate If Allowed
Mark patterns you notice. Circle similar features, draw arrows showing rotation, note element counts.
👀 Look for Multiple Patterns
Often shapes change in 2-3 ways simultaneously. Don't stop after finding one pattern.
🎯 Process of Elimination
If unsure, eliminate answers that clearly don't fit. This improves your odds significantly.
🔄 Practice Mental Rotation
Train your brain to visualize shapes rotating. This skill improves dramatically with practice.
🧠 Stay Calm Under Pressure
NVR can feel challenging. Take a breath, stay methodical, and trust your preparation.
While NVR tests visual skills, strong vocabulary boosts overall 11+ performance
Master 2000+ essential words for verbal reasoning, comprehension, and creative writing success
✓ Synonyms
✓ Antonyms
✓ Definitions
✓ Mock Tests
Free 7-day trial • Then £2.99/month • 6 months £8.99 • 1 year £9.99 - Limited Offer!
More 11+ Exam Resources
11+ English Guide
Complete guide to reading, grammar, and writing
Non-Verbal Reasoning
Master patterns, shapes, and spatial skills
100 Words with Definitions
Essential vocabulary with clear meanings
100 Words with Synonyms
Learn similar words for verbal reasoning
100 Words with Antonyms
Understand opposites to expand vocabulary
Mastering Vocabulary
Strategies for 11+ exam success
Non-Verbal Reasoning FAQs
Can non-verbal reasoning skills be improved with practice?
Absolutely! While NVR tests natural visual-spatial ability, consistent practice dramatically improves both speed and accuracy. Students who practice regularly learn to recognize patterns faster, develop systematic approaches to analyzing shapes, and build confidence tackling unfamiliar question types.
Most students see significant improvement within 4-6 weeks of regular practice. The key is daily practice (10-15 minutes) rather than occasional long sessions.
How does vocabulary help with non-verbal reasoning?
While NVR focuses on visual patterns, strong verbal reasoning skills complement spatial abilities. Many 11+ exams test both, and vocabulary is crucial for:
- Understanding question instructions precisely
- Verbal reasoning sections (synonyms, antonyms, analogies)
- Overall exam confidence and performance
11+ Vocab Master builds the vocabulary foundation needed for comprehensive 11+ success.
What's the best way to prepare for NVR questions?
- Practice 10-15 minutes daily with varied question types
- Develop a systematic checking approach (rotation, reflection, shading, size)
- Use official CEM and GL practice papers
- Play pattern-based games (puzzles, Tetris, Rubik's cube)
- Review mistakes to understand patterns
- Build exam stamina with timed mock tests
Should I focus on NVR or vocabulary first?
Focus on both simultaneously! A balanced approach works best:
- Vocabulary requires long-term daily building (start early)
- NVR benefits from regular targeted practice
- Both contribute to overall 11+ exam success
Spend 15 minutes daily on vocabulary with 11+ Vocab Master and 10-15 minutes on NVR practice for optimal preparation.
Build Comprehensive 11+ Skills
Master vocabulary alongside spatial reasoning for complete exam readiness
Try Free for 7 Days